Next Gen Academy IV: Planning for SFNs

Impact on Full Service and LPTV Television Stations of Proposed DTS Rule Changes - $15

The FCC adopted rules for Distributed Transmission Systems (DTS), more widely known as Single Frequency Networks (SFNs) in 2008, after some 16 years of filings on the subject. It did so only when it became apparent that the service provided by the ATSC Digital Television Standard (now called ATSC 1) would not provide the signal delivery provided by the analog NTSC television service it was replacing. The shortfall in digital service was due largely to constraints placed on the transmission and interference analysis parameters applied to the new digital service for a variety of technical and political (or techno-political) reasons. There also were, in hindsight, some errors in the modeling and analysis of the new digital system that contributed to the deficit in performance.

When the DTS rules were adopted, there were similar limitations applied to the placement and signal levels of the multiple transmitters that constitute SFNs. Essentially, the weak signal levels that occur at the edges of the service areas of digital television stations were forced onto the multiple transmitters that were to be installed specifically for the purpose of increasing the signal levels and making reception more uniform. Thus, the purpose of installing SFNs was undercut from the very beginning by the rules authorizing them. Because of these constraints, in combination with the fact that the rules were adopted only months before the television industry was to transition from analog to fully digital service, relatively few SFN operations were constructed prior to the application freeze that preceded the Incentive Auction and spectrum repack. Building such facilities took careful design and often expensive antennas to achieve real performance improvements. Nevertheless, a number of stations improved their services markedly through application of the technology during the ATSC 1 era.

Now, ATSC 3, which allows for technologically easier application of SFNs, is about to roll out. The value of SFNs to provide more uniform signal levels throughout a service area, thereby permitting more reliable service delivery to mobile and portable receivers, as well as much higher data rates to fixed receivers, has been recognized as an important adjunct to a transition to ATSC 3. Test operations have been constructed applying SFN technology to ATSC 3 signal delivery with positive results. But the objective of delivering relatively uniform signal levels throughout a service area remains nearly precluded by the FCC rules, which were written mostly to limit service rather than to foster efficient use of spectrum.

Recently, a proposal in the form of a Petition for Rulemaking has been put before the FCC by NAB and the Association of Public Television Stations (APTS), seeking to update the DTS rules to permit beneficial use of SFNs, primarily with ATSC 3, but in reality with any digital television broadcast transmission system approved by the Commission. The proposal would leave unchanged the locations at which transmitters could be placed and the areas that they could serve. What it would change is the signal levels that could be delivered within service areas and the ways in which those signal levels would be controlled and constrained.

The proposal would provide benefits both to full-service stations that implemented DTS facilities under changed rules and to LPTV stations that could obtain more spectrum within which to operate when full-service facilities moved from translators on separate channels to SFN transmitters sharing the spectrum of a single channel to provide service over the same areas as did the translators. By enabling full-service stations to provide more uniform signal levels within their service areas, nearby Class A and LPTV stations would be enabled to operate at higher power levels (if they were not already maximized) due to the higher signal levels from full-service stations that would no longer constrain them on an interference basis in the way that weaker full-service signals would have done. Thus, under the proposal, full-service stations would be able to obtain the greater signal strength and uniformity that would benefit them, while Class A and LPTV stations would be able to benefit from operating in spectrum that had been cleared of translators or from operating adjacent to spectrum that had been made more resilient to interference from the low-power operations by virtue of changes to the full-service operations.

The presentation will discuss the goals and objectives of the proposal and introduce the rule changes sought, along with their operation and attendant changes in analysis methods. It also will examine the relationships of the operations of full-service and low-power stations under the proposed DTS rules.

S. Merrill Weiss | Merrill Weiss Group LLC | Metuchen, N.J., U.S.A.

Overcoming Obstacles to Design a Robust Single Frequency Network in San Francisco - $15

Designing an ATSC-3 single frequency network (SFN) in the San Francisco market is challenging on many levels. The San Francisco market has anomalous terrain, limited options for transmitter sites due to hillside scenic regulations, and an onerous permitting process, all of which significantly impede system design.?In addition, adjacent DMA markets have first adjacent channel facilities with protected contours encroaching well within the San Francisco DMA and city boundary, plus in-market adjacent channels pose a challenge for 3.0 SFN designs. In a post-repack environment, there will be sixteen full power stations ? five VHF, and eleven UHF.

This paper will present the various obstacles encountered, and the solutions we?ve created to overcome those obstacles to create a robust, FCC-compliant SFN design.?We will describe the process we?ve undertaken to design ATSC-3 SFNs on both UHF and VHF and how we arrived at the proposed SFN designs.?Finally, we will discuss the futility of SFN design without proper propagation software deployment.

P. Eric Dausman | Public Media Group, PBC | Boulder, CO, USA
Ryan C. Wilhour | Kessler and Gehman Associates, Inc. | Gainesville, FL, USA

Virtualization and Cloudification of Next Gen Broadcast Chain: Consequences and Opportunities - $15

This presentation will delve into the true economic benefits of cloudification of NextGen TV broadcasts. From operating two-sided marketplaces, to yield optimization algorithms of spectrum bandwidth, this presentation will address various use cases & business opportunities resulting from upgrading the IT stack of a broadcast station.

Using live demonstrations, this presentation will make a case for open APIs and the power of a central cloud operating across DMAs integrated with various broadcast chain vendors, orchestrating all broadcast operations as workflows in a microservices architecture to truly unleash the value of broadcast spectrum & network.

This presentation will address the relevance of ATSC 3.0 in the 5G era, making a case for the value differentiation of broadcast bits versus telco bits. Looking deeper into the already underway phenomena of cloudified broadcast operations, this presentation will focus on specific NextGen broadcast functionality that will be originate from day 1 in the cloud.

The migration to cloud with NextGen TV and visualization of broadcast chain not only makes economic sense but also enhances broadcast service bouquet. Making a case for two-sided broadcast marketplace model, we discuss Next Gen TV broadcast as a service paradigm and the enabling technologies that are enabling this reality.

A virtualized broadcast chain operates over open APIs and common industry accepted messaging formats and XML taxonomies. This presentation describes a generic 3.0 chain components in detail and identifies a service orchestration layer on top to interoperate across vendor systems and multiple DMA chains.

The NextGen TV system manager component is considered the brain of the NextGen TV broadcast. The interfaces and capabilities of the system manager are described in detail so broadcasters migrating to 3.0 can start planning the scope and purpose of the system manager as they transition to 3.0 broadcasts.

Finally the presentation covers the need for a network of system managers to work in tandem to manage multiple broadcasts in a SFN world. The chief engineer and software architects and engineers of a broadcast station are ideal audience for this presentation.

Learning Objectives:
1. Attendees will walk away appreciating NextGen TV technology to offer services across multiple DMAs.
2. Attendees will appreciate that broadcast is moving to an ?as a service? software-defined model with broadcaster spectrum with open API and cloud-based infrastructure.
3. Attendees will go through life use-case analysis to identify ?as-a-service? opportunities and cloud-based service models both to downstream consumers as well as upstream enterprise.

Prabu David | Michigan State University | East Lansing, MI, USA
Chandra Kotaru | Gaian Solutions | San Jose, CA, USA